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Linux 2.6.25-rc9

I really don't want to do this, and I was actually hoping to release 2.6.25 last weekend (which is why -rc9 is a few days late - just me hoping to not do another -rc at all), but I've done an -rc9.

The changes in -rc9 are pretty small (shortlog appended), and 60% of them are m68k updates - mostly defconfigs. And some doc updates.

But there's some network driver updates (tg3 and wireless hostap stand out), some late XFS patches and a mvsas driver update (the mvsas driver is new in 2.6.25, so that's not going to regress anything ;).

The rest is mostly one-liners, with a few reverts going on.

Dirstat:

	   4.2% Documentation/filesystems/
	   3.2% Documentation/networking/
	  11.4% Documentation/
	  55.7% arch/m68k/configs/
	  59.4% arch/m68k/
	   2.0% arch/powerpc/
	  65.7% arch/
	   3.6% drivers/net/
	   4.2% drivers/scsi/
	  12.7% drivers/
	   2.3% fs/
	   2.2% include/
	   3.9% net/
anyway, the reason for not doing a 2.6.25 is that some people are making noises about slab/page-alloc setup issues, and I wanted something out this week, but didn't feel comfy doing a final release.

That said, I think I'll have to do 2.6.25 early next week regardless, because we can't just keep holding things back forever. At some point it will have to turn into a 2.6.25.x issue, and the developers with stuff pending for the next version need to be able to start merging.

Linus

Linux's death -- greatly exaggerated?

Apr. 11, 2008

An opinion piece at LaptopMag suggests that Linux's "window of opportunity" on the desktop, and especially laptops, has closed. But has it, really?

Author Mark Spoonauer makes some great observations about momentum in the market. He seems very attuned to the laptop market, and strings recent events together to show how after a series of modest victories, Linux appears to have met with a few set-backs. Microsoft Windows XP, meanwhile, looks more relevant than ever, he reckons, with a key win on Asus's EEE. "People know XP. People like low prices. Put the two together and you have a hit -- and many successful hits to come," he writes.

It's an astute observation, I think, that XP has a marvelous future ahead of it in the ULCPC (ultra-low cost PC space). Microsoft recently agreed to allow OEM installations of XP on ULCPCs beyond June, the cut-off for desktop XP installations by the big guys (your friendly local PC shop selling whitebox systems in low volume will still be allowed to install XP for at least another year, and likely well beyond that).

But I'm not sure that the EEE deal represents any kind of real watershed event for Linux. Ditto for Wal*Mart concluding its test-marketing of the $200 Linux Everex PC. These are really tiny events when you step back to look at what Linux is, where it came from, and where it's going. Mark, like the Debian FTP server's MOD (message of the day) file used to put it back in the 90's... Welcome to the Linux "We're never going out of business" sale, at an FTP site near you!

Spoonauer's spunky op-ed, complete with disturbing "lynch Tux" graphic, dwells here.

Henry Kingman

Original link: http://www.linux-watch.com/news/...

Libre Graphics Meeting raising funds for developer travel

The annual conclave of free graphics software developers, users, and artists known as the Libre Graphics Meeting (LGM) is set for May 8-11 in Wroclaw, Poland, this year. LGM organizers are holding a fund-raising campaign this week to help volunteer developers travel to the event.

Now in its third year, LGM gathers programmers, users, and designers representing all of the major free graphics applications -- the GIMP, Krita, Inkscape, Blender, and Scribus -- and other apps, plus related projects like OpenICC and the Open Clip Art Library. The conference allows the developers to collaborate, share ideas and code, cooperate on cross-application standards, and simply get to know one another. End users and artists are an integral part of LGM, too, participating in meetings with developers, showcasing work, and contributing tutorials.

A time crunch meets a money crunch

Planning for this year's conference has been in progress since last year's LGM in Montreal, but the program hit an unexpected snag in March when one of the sponsors had to pull out. With little warning, LGM organizers had to assemble a short-term plan to raise $20,000.

The bulk of the contributed funds will subsidize travel expenses for attendees -- many of whom are volunteer contributors to the open source community, without corporate travel budgets. The attendees' need to make travel arrangements for early May meant that whatever funds could be raised needed to be available fast.

The fund-raising campaign is being hosted at pledgie.com, and the deadline for contributions is April 18 -- one week from today. The donation system uses PayPal to send funds to LGM; transactions are instant, not held in escrow. As of today, 157 individual donors have contributed more than $6,000 -- about 30 percent of the overall goal.

Importance of the conference

Dave Neary, a pivotal LGM organizer since the first year of the conference, has been publicizing the fundraiser -- both by talking to potential contributors personally, and by posting a series of success stories from LGMs past on his blog.

I talked to Neary at the Linux Foundation Collaboration Summit in Austin about the campaign and about how LGM benefits the free software graphics community. You can see tangible benefits of the first two LGMs in the graphics software you use right now. Today, all of the major graphics apps share assets like brushes, color palettes, fonts, patterns, and gradients, through the use of common formats and shared resource locations -- work that grew directly out of LGM meetings.

Then there is color management. Three years ago, Neary observed, it basically did not exist. Today, all of the major graphics applications -- raster and vector image editors, RAW photo converters, 3-D tools, and more -- support color managed displays, embedded color profiles, and use common locations for ICC resources.

And there is no substitute for face-to-face meeting, Neary added. In enables better collaboration on solving common problems, and can generate unexpected creativity as well. A case in point, he explained, is the SIOX image extraction algorithm. SIOX creator Gerald Frieldland volunteered to give a talk about his creation at the first LGM meeting in 2006. At the time, SIOX was under development as a GIMP tool. But less than one day after seeing Frieldland's talk, a Blender developer at LGM had written preliminary support for a SIOX node in the Blender compositor.

Finally, LGM offers opportunities for graphics software coders to meet with the people who use their work to create art of their own. LGM works to include a diverse user community, such as Open Clip Art, Creative Commons, and the Peach and Orange open movie projects from the Blender Foundation.

There is just one week left to raise support for volunteers to travel to LGM 2008. If you can help out, visit the LGM fundraiser site and make a donation.

Original link: http://www.linux.com/feature/132...

HP-UX Powered by Linux Development Tools?

Hewlett-Packard (NYSE: HPQ) said it will offer a second interim update of HP-UX 11i v3, the company’s Unix operating system. HP said the latest update, code-named Versatility, offers improved performance, security certification and new bundled applications.

HP's latest Unix update comes as the public challenge from other flavors of Unix as well as Linux and Windows continues to mount. Though HP-UX does compete against Linux, it co-operates with Linux in at least one critical area, namely development tools.

"We do have compilers and other development tools that run on HP-UX, but where we actually get a lot of our development environment tools are in cross-complier tools based on Linux," Brian Cox, worldwide director of BCS software marketing for HP, told InternetNews.com. "So you develop on Linux and deploy on HP-UX."

Cox added that HP is a big advocate of Linux. "That community has a lot of great innovation happening, so why not leverage that," he said. "Why fight it and create your own proprietary development environment when it's already out there in open source."

A fair amount of development occurs on HP-UX. Cox commented that year over year HP is seeing a 36 percent growth in independent software vendor applications on HP-UX 11i running on Integrity services. Still, he said, some of that has just been porting over applications from the older RISC chip architecture to Integrity, but new applications have been added as well.

HP-UX 11iv3 was first released in February 2007. HP provides its HP-UX users with interim updates every six months. The next major version, HP-UX 11i v4, is not expected until 2010.

With this second update to HP-UX 11i v3, Cox claimed that HP has also delivered improved performance of up to 100 percent for networking and data access. It has also improved in blade management and virtual partitioning.

The most visible change, however, might well be the new packaging for HP-UX. As of this update HP has four operating environment (OE) packages for HP-UX, each tailored to serve a specific market need. The four OE apps are Base, Virtual Server, High Availability and Data Center. The company plans a core configuration for each of these packages to ease deployment for specific use.

Cox noted that the principal driver beyond the new bundled offerings was a desire from users to target bundles to be more aligned with applications or usages deployed.

The next update for HP-UX 11i v3, code-named Vibrancy, is expected later this year. Currently HP lacks plans for an HP-UX version 12. The company will support HP-UX 11i v3 itself until at least 2017.

Original link: http://www.internetnews.com/soft...

X Window compression software updated

NoMachine released version 3.2.0 of its Linux-compatible "NX" remote access software for thin client networks and other remotely-hosted, low-bandwidth applications. The open source NX 3.2.0 client improves behavior when running on a kiosk, says Italy-based NoMachine.

NX positions a caching proxy server on either side of the X Window System's client-server architecture, thereby reducing network traffic to differential transfers of whatever is not already cached. For example, it transmits only cursor movements and menu changes instead of resending the entire screen. NoMachine claims that NX can reduce network traffic by up to 50 times, providing Citrix-like scalability.

The new NX release consolidates version 3.1.0 maintenance-release fixes, says the company, while adding improved support for QGIS (Quantum GIS) applications. Other touted improvements include fixes for Windows display initialization problems, special German characters, edit-menu copy-and-paste, .X11-unix directory startups, plugin mode operation, MacOS/X 10.5 Leopard server support, and NX tunneling during "rootless" sessions.

Launched in 2003, NX received a major upgrade to version 3.0 last June, adding new connection options, per-server and per-user profiles, support for x86_64, and enhanced scriptability. Customers include a number of thin-client vendors that provide Linux distributions, include SmartFlex (formerly Igel), NeoWare, and Thinstation.

Availability

NX 3.2.0 is available now, in open source, evaluation, and commercial versions, says NoMachine. More information and links to the download page should be available here.

Original link: http://www.linuxdevices.com/news...

Cisco Set to Dominate Linux Market?

Well, maybe -- and maybe not. Yesterday's big news from Linux that it would be opening up its millions of ISR routers to third party applications is massive news. It would have been big news if Cisco has just opened up the routers, but by doing it with a Linux base, Cisco may well dramatically change the Linux server landscape.

Instead of needing to rely on Red Hat or Novell to supply Linux running on servers from HP, IBM, Dell, etc., a user that already has an ISR (and there are 4 million of them out there) can just buy an AXP from Cisco, put that module on their ISR and -- badda boom badda bing -- they've got a Linux application server.
The Cisco execs I spoke with downplayed the competitive effect on the server marketplace: Certainly, the AXP is not going to replace all servers as we know them today -- but it will replace a few of them.

Beyond technology, Cisco's single greatest strength in my opinion is its incredibly massive and aggressive sales force. Every time I've ever seen Cisco CEO John Chambers speak, he almost always makes a quip about how he loves to sell. In a real sense, Chambers is one of the best salespeople the networking business has ever known.

If Cisco puts the full force of its sales machine behind the AXP (and why wouldn't they, considering they've got at least 4 million potential customers) the footprint for Linux application servers will grow dramatically. Yes, it would be a win for Cisco, since Cisco is using its own flavor of Linux. But it would also be a massive win for Linux overall.
Cisco understands the dynamics of open source even though they are very much a proprietary vendor.

I asked Cisco the other day specifically about the open source GPL license -- something that is often misunderstood, but not by Cisco.

"From a GPL perspective, we've taken all the things that are GPL and reciprocated the code back to the community," said Joel Conover, manager of network systems at Cisco.

For the record, that's the right answer. Linux grows because of contributions.

It's a tremendous thing, to have Cisco contributing back to Linux. When you think about all the things that Cisco is likely to learn as it deploys the AXP across potentially millions of routers, the potential for innovation is staggering.

According to a recent Linux Foundation study, Cisco is already contributing to Linux and currently represents 0.5 percent of changes (which is a good number). I would expect that with the AXP in the market, Cisco's contribution rate will go up.

Nearly two years ago, I saw a panel at LinuxWorld talking about all the reasons why Linux has been successful over the last 15 years. One of the reasons cited was Oracle's support for Linux back in 1998.

In my analysis, Cisco's AXP in 2008 will be a big part of the reason why Linux will continue to be successful moving forward in the next 15 years.

Original link: http://blog.internetnews.com/ske...

Puppy + EEE = Puppeee

They say that every dog has its day. Could the growing popularity of Asus's low-cost EEE notebook launch Puppy Linux into the limelight?


The EEE
(Click for details)
The EEE (pictured at right) comes with Xandros Linux, by default, with Windows XP also an option on the newest model. But there's a third dog in the race now, and one that's capable of running circles around either of the weightier contenders.

Announced back in January, and evolved since then through a series of rapid releases, Puppeee can be run from a USB key, to preserve your EEE's existing OS installation. Or, it can be launched from an external CD or USB key and installed onto your EEE's solid-state disk or other storage device.

Puppy will outperform other OSes on the EEE because its filesystem is loaded onto a RAM disk at boot time. PCs access memory much, much faster than storage, so Puppy will run like an AKC Whippet on the EEE's 900MHz Celeron processor. The first time EEE users try Puppy, they're going to be amazed at the pure performance of this OS!


Puppeee screenshot
(Click to enlarge)


The downside is that Puppy is a fairly small set of applications tightly hooked together via shared libraries. Adding software of your own, even software from other, larger Puppy implementations, can be pretty challenging. So you'll have to decide between a rich, slow standard OS and Puppeee's zippier but more limited mix.


Puppeee screenshot
(Click to enlarge)


The Puppeee mix at present, in addition to a browser and email client, appears to include:
  • Abiword (word processor)
  • XMMS (media player)
  • Skype (voip softphone)
  • xine (movie player)
  • GQview (webcam viewer)
  • audacity (multitrack audio editor)
  • handbrake (dvd-to-mpeg transcoder)
  • calculator
  • gftp
  • various utilities
Also, given that Puppeee is just, well, a puppy, it may take a while for it to mature into a really user-friendly OS for those who do *not* enjoy bolting down their own airplane seat. Meanwhile there are several other Linux OSes out there made just for the EEE, according to an article at Linux.com.

--Henry Kingman

(Click here for further information)

Original link: http://www.desktoplinux.com/news...

Gartner: Windows collapsing under its own weight; Radical change needed

Microsoft’s Windows juggernaut is collapsing as it tries to support 20 years of applications and becomes more complicated by the minute. Meanwhile, Windows has outgrown hardware and customers are pondering skipping Vista to wait for Windows 7. If Windows is going to remain relevant it will need radical changes.

That sobering outlook comes courtesy of Gartner analysts Michael Silver and Neil MacDonald. Half of a full room of IT managers and executives raised their hands when asked whether Microsoft needed to radically change its approach to Windows. “Windows is too monolithic,” says Silver.

Silver also gave another anecdotal point to show the conundrum Microsoft is in: Clients are calling him to ask whether they should skip Vista entirely and wait for Windows 7, which promises to be more modular and potentially lightweight. Adrian Kingsley-Hughes has also found an impact on Vista from all of the Windows 7 chatter. Silver’s recommendation: Go with Vista but on an attrition basis. As XP PCs die, replace them with Vista PCs.

MacDonald argued that Windows may need multiple kernels to support increasing demands from customers and hardware makers. “One size doesn’t fit all,” says MacDonald. For instance, look at the various demands an OS has to deal with:

windows4.png

If Microsoft’s response is to become more complex Windows’ fall will accelerate. As Windows stands today it’s already too bulky.

windows3.png

So what does Microsoft need to do?

For starters, Windows should create versions for specific uses. These modules would be able to swapped out depending on the customer. From Gartner’s presentation:

The more interesting question here is whether one OS can address both architectural requirements. Microsoft believes that it can take its core Windows software offering and package it to address these different architectures. But can this same approach be extended to embrace cloud computing and real-time architecture demands?

Also see: Jason Perlow: If I were to design Windows 7

Mary Jo Foley: Why Windows 7 might go to pieces

Multiple Windows–that will be virtualized of course–will screw up Microsoft’s business model. “Microsoft doesn’t like anything in between Windows and the hardware. Ninety-five percent of its revenue comes from OEM’s,” says MacDonald.

Wall Street Still Likes Microsoft to Win Yahoo

Yahoo Inc may have played its top two cards by pulling out possible deals with AOL and Google, but it does not seem to have changed Wall Street's view that Microsoft will eventually win the takeover battle.

Yahoo announced on Wednesday a test to outsource Web search advertising to Google Inc. Sources say the test is part of a planned three-way alliance to combine Yahoo with Time Warner Inc's AOL instead of Microsoft Corp.

But hours later, the world's largest software company appeared to trump Yahoo's announcement as the New York Times reported that Rupert Murdoch's News Corp was in talks to join Microsoft's $42.3 billion bid for the Web pioneer.

"Everyone is just exploring. The best option is to accept the Microsoft deal," said fund manager Mike Binger at Thrivent Financial in Minneapolis, which owns small stakes in Yahoo and Microsoft.

Binger said an AOL-Yahoo merger made no sense. "I just see Yahoo as a mature brand and AOL as a declining brand," he said. As of December 31, Thrivent owned about 1.5 million Yahoo shares, or 0.11 percent, and about 6.3 million Microsoft shares, or 0.07 percent, according to regulatory filings.

The Wall Street Journal reported the Yahoo board would meet on Friday but said no big decisions were likely until at least next week. A Yahoo spokeswoman declined to comment.

A source familiar with the board's activities told Reuters that Yahoo directors meet to discuss the Microsoft offer and alternatives to it as many as three times a week.

A separate source familiar with the board's deliberations said any big decisions would likely only happen after the company's quarterly earnings report on April 22.

COM Express module sports Intel's Atom

Congatec has announced a computer-on-module (COM) that features Intel's new Atom processor and uses the COM Express form-factor. The conga-CA comes in 1.1GHz and 1.6GHz versions, has two SD sockets on board, features gigabit Ethernet, and offers automatic flat-panel detection, according to the company.

(Click here for a larger view of Congatech's conga-CA)

In related news, Congatec says it recently incorporated in the U.S. and plans to establish a California-based office with about ten employees.

Since Intel's formal introduction of the Atom processor on Apr. 2, a number of vendors have jumped on the bandwagon. For example, Lippert announced the imminent release of its CoreExpress-ECO COM, using a 2.6 x 2.3-inch CoreExpress processor module format. Earlier this week Applied Data Systems announced the Catalyst, a COM using the company's own 3.9 x 2.8-inch form factor. Although bundled with a Windows-based development environment, the Catalyst is said to support Linux and other real-time operating systems.

Now, Congatec brings the Atom to the 3.75 x 3.75-inch COM Express form-factor. Like the products mentioned above, the conga-CA offers either the 1.1GHz Atom Z510, with a 400MHz frontside bus, or the 1.6GHz Z530, with a 533MHz frontside bus. And, again, it employs Intel's SCH (system controller hub) US15W, which integrates northbridge and southbridge functionality, along with OpenGL 3D graphics, support for DirectX 9L, and hardware-accelerated 720p and 1080i video decode.

Since the US15W -- part of the overall "Centrino Atom" offering -- is the only companion chip currently available for the Atom, the potential for product differentiation is limited. However, Congatec has added gigabit Ethernet to its board, via a Realtek RTL8111 chip.

Like other COM Express modules, the conga-CA has two surface-mount 220-pin connectors (visible in the bottom of the picture at right), through which it can pass all of its signals to application-specific carrier boards. Also on the bottom of the board are dual SD/MMC card slots.

Interfaces include two PCI Express lanes, eight USB ports, two SATA ports, and high-definition audio. Additionally, the COM offers PCI, I2C, and LPC buses.

The conga-CA offers "up to" 1GB of RAM, apparently soldered-on. It also has a choice of graphics outputs: LVDS, supporting resolutions up to 1366 x 768 pixels, and SDVO (serial digital video out) that supports up to 1280 x 1024. Implementation of the EPI (embedded panel interface) standard allows for automatic recognition of attached flat panels, Congatec says.

While it did not release a block diagram, Congatec said the conga-CA features a board controller that can isolate itself from the main x86 processor. This ensures that embedded features such as system monitoring, the watchdog timer, and the I2C bus can continue to operate even when the system is in standby, according to Congatec.

Features and specifications released by Congatec for the conga-CA include:
  • Processor -- Intel Atom Z510 clocked at 1.1GHZ, or Z530 clocked at 1.6GHz
  • Memory -- up to 1GB of RAM
  • Display:
    • Intel GMA500 integrated graphics, with up to 256MB of shared memory
    • LVDS up to 1366 x 768 pixels
    • SDVO up to 1280 x 1024 pixels
    • Dual independent display support
  • Networking -- gigabit Ethernet
  • Other I/O:
    • 2 x SATA
    • 1 x EIDE
  • Expansion:
    • 2 x SD slots
    • 2 x 1-lane PCI Express
    • PCI
  • Power consumption -- 3 Watts average, 5 Watts peak
  • Operating temperature -- 0 to 60 deg C
  • Dimensions -- 3.75 x 3.75 inches
The conga-CA runs Linux, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows XP Embedded, Windows CE, and QNX.

The company did not say when the conga-CA will be available, but will be showing it at next week's Embedded Systems Conference 2008 in San Jose, booth 1838.

Original link: http://www.linuxdevices.com/news...